
Surrogate partnership
Frequently Asked Questions
BASICS
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Most likely we will meet once a week or twice a month. Some clients have extenuating circumstances which require a different rhythm to our work together. I’m open to working with you to find the cadence that’s right for you.
For clients who are not local to the San Francisco Bay Area, we will pair video sessions, when we are geographically distant, with in-person intensives, which require travel. During intensives, we may meet four or five days in a row.
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Most clients have sessions that are between 90 minutes and three hours long. For intensives with clients not local to the San Francisco Bay Area, we may choose to meet for three or more hours per day.
Because this work is highly individualized, the length and frequency of your sessions may vary according to your needs.
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It’s hard to say – everyone starts in a different place and has different goals. This work goes deep and requires a strong container of safety and trust. Some clients work with me for six months to a year. Some work with me for one to two years. Occasionally the work extends beyond that time frame. Expect ten or fifteen sessions as an absolute minimum.
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My office is in Yelamu, on the land of the Ramaytush Ohlone people, in San Francisco, California. I prefer to meet in person, however, we may have an occasional video session if distance, travel, or disability require that we do so.
My office is near BART and bus lines and has street parking available.
If you are not local to the San Francisco Bay Area, it is preferable that you work with a surrogate partner local to your area. If there are no surrogate partners available in your area, I am open to working with you via an intensive format, which involves having some sessions by video and some sessions in person. Because our in person sessions would involve travel, we would have longer and/or consecutive day sessions during the times that we meet in person.
For clients not local to the San Francisco Bay Area, depending on the situation, you might travel to me, or I might travel to you, or a combination of both.
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My fee is $280 USD per hour. This does not include travel costs for clients not local to the San Francisco Bay Area, nor does it include the fee you pay your therapist/clinician.
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Unfortunately not at this time. If you have a Health Savings Account (HSA), you may be able to use those funds for our work together.
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Many clients do engage in intimate touch as a part of surrogate partner therapy. Please reach out to discuss my specific boundaries around touch and how this may impact our work together.
Intimate touch is always aligned with a client’s therapeutic goals and takes place once we have built sufficient mutual trust and safety.
At the start of surrogate partner therapy, each client is supported to define their own goals around relationship, intimacy, and sex. The surrogate partner and clinician assist the client in moving slowly towards these goals, building self-awareness, communication skills, self-regulation capacity, and whatever other skills are necessary to move towards the client’s goals. Many clients seek to build their capacity to engage in intimate and erotic touch and sexual activity. Surrogate partner therapy builds gradually towards increasingly intimate types of touch.
Healthy boundaries, communication, and consent are prioritized, and neither the client nor the surrogate partner engages in any touch practice that is unwanted or unwelcome. Goals and desires are allowed to change and evolve as the client deepens into self discovery. The pace at which touch becomes intimate or sexual depends on the comfort of both the client and the surrogate partner.
Asexual clients, clients on the asexual spectrum, and clients who experience aversion to touch are warmly welcomed into this work, as are clients with histories of trauma or unwanted touch.
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Surrogate partnership is legal and is a form of psychotherapy that has been practiced since the 1970s. No client, surrogate partner, or collaborating clinician has ever been charged with a crime or found in violation of professional code of conduct for engaging in this work.
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I trained with the Surrogate Partner Collective. For more information, please see the About Me page.
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Our work occurs exclusively within a triadic model. This means that we have you, the client; me, the surrogate partner; and a clinician, who is either a therapist or counselor or some other qualified healing arts practitioner. The clinician is often, but not always, a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW), marriage and family therapist (MFT), psychologist, or sexologist. The clinician must be willing and able to collaborate in the surrogate partner therapy process.
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Yes. You need to have a working relationship with a clinician with whom you have established trust and rapport. The clinician needs to know you well enough to agree that surrogate partner therapy is appropriate for your care and well-being. The relationship between client and surrogate partner is a real relationship that brings up real challenges and growth opportunities. It’s important for each client to have a strong relationship with the clinician/therapist to navigate what comes up for them throughout the surrogate partner therapy process.
Additionally, as a surrogate partner I collaborate closely with the therapist/clinician to ensure that surrogate partner therapy is moving towards the client’s goals at an appropriate and safe pace. This can involve sharing notes or feedback from our sessions and having discussions about how to best support you.
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Yes! Please reach out and I’ll be happy to provide some suggestions.
OUR PROCESS
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If you have trouble creating or sustaining healthy romantic, intimate, or sexual relationships, you may be a suitable client for surrogate partner therapy.
If you desire to be in a romantic, intimate, or sexual relationship, whether it’s monogamous or non-monogamous, short- or long-term, and haven’t been able to make it happen, you may be a suitable client for surrogate partner therapy.
Many of my clients have experienced tremendous barriers to connecting with their own bodies and those of others. They want to develop healthy boundaries and consent practices, and want to explore and feel confident expressing their authentic eroticism. They desire joy, connection, intimacy and depth in their relationships, and want to be fully present while engaging in intimacy.
If this describes you, you might consider working with a therapist/clinician who collaborates with surrogate partners, and exploring together whether this might be the right modality for you.
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It varies tremendously, and my work with each client is deeply personal and tailored to the needs of that specific client relationship.
Some of my clients:
Experience anxiety around sex and intimate relationship, including performance anxiety, intimacy anxiety, body anxiety, or shame around desires/kink
Experience challenges such as erectile dysfunction, inability to orgasm, delayed or premature orgasm, lack of desire, lack of arousal, and/or vaginal pain
Struggle with negative self-image, perhaps due to body size, appearance, disability, inexperience, neurodivergence/non-neuronormativity, and/or queer and/or trans identity
Are unsatisfied with the sexual and romantic experiences and relationships they have been having, and are committed to building intimacy skills and changing deeply-held patterns
Experience shame around their desires, or pathologize their sexuality
Have experienced trauma (sexual, physical, emotional, structural, relational, religious)
Struggle to communicate openly about sex
Have internalized harmful attitudes about sex
Have never engaged in sex or physical intimacy
Have never engaged in emotional intimacy, or healthy emotional intimacy
Have engaged in sex or intimacy, but it was a long time ago or very limited or painful or traumatic
Used to engage in sex or intimacy, but haven’t since experiencing a significant illness or injury, receiving a medical diagnosis, experiencing a traumatic event, coming out, or undergoing a gender transitioning
Are exploring their sexual or gender identity
Are exploring how to engage sexually and intimately after a gender transition
Are navigating a recent life change and experiencing themselves through a new lens
Experienced familial or cultural prohibition or lack of education around sex, intimacy, and dating, perhaps due to religious upbringing, culture, gender norms, homophobia, or transphobia
Feel discomfort with the subtle and overt ways that sexual attitudes and practices are tied into performance of gender, morality, social status
Are examining and the impact of patriarchy, white supremacy, toxic masculinity, and/or the gender binary on their sexuality
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Surrogate partner therapy is a hands-on, embodied, therapeutic modality. Together we overcome relational and sexual challenges through conversation, touch, learning, games, and intimacy practices.
We slowly and gradually move through the unique obstacles that block you from creating and sustaining healthy and intimate relationships.
We break down physical and emotional intimacy into small pieces and titrate as you build capacity.
We show up as our full, authentic selves and build rapport and develop an emotional connection in real time.
We engage in exercises that investigate safety, trust, vulnerability, and self-expression.
We engage in exercises around staying relaxed, staying present, naming your desires, communicating your experience, and working through inhibition, insecurity, and fear.
We explore practices around personal agency and consent.
We practice fully feeling and naming and skillfully communicating what’s happening internally for each of us.
We engage in pleasure-based, LGBTQ2++ inclusive, kink-friendly sexual education.
We practice and develop self regulation skills.
As our work progresses, you develop comfort with your own body and intimacy with the body of another.
Our work is experiential: I become your temporary partner. We both show up to our sessions as our authentic selves and our relationship reflects our genuine personalities.
Our work is expansive – it’s not just about sex! We build skills around relationships, communication, self-awareness, consent, and accountability. These changes will impact all your relationships, from family and friends to work and professional connections.
Our work is slow and steady – although the mind may understand concepts quickly, the body and nervous system move at their own pace. Our intimacy and vulnerability with each other may touch on deep wounds and activate powerful emotions and responses. Learning to remain open and connected with one another through these challenges is part of our work. Navigating misunderstanding, frustration, conflict, and rupture with one another is an important part of our work.
Our process is deep and long term and our relationship is time bound. Once your therapeutic goals are met, our relationship will end. We will approach the ending of our relationship with care and gentleness, giving space to closure.
Nudity and touch may be introduced as we build intimacy and trust, if it serves your therapeutic goals.
I remain in ongoing dialogue with your therapist.
Our work together ends when you’ve reached your therapeutic goals, and/or found a partner with whom you can continue your healing journey.
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Many of the people in this world who could be suitable romantic or sexual partners for you – short- or long-term, monogamous or non-monogamous – are people with whom you will not experience immediate, intense physical attraction.
In fact, immediate, intense physical attraction and ‘chemistry’ or the presence of ‘a spark’, however much they can be celebrated in film and media, are a flimsy foundation on which to build a relationship. They can also be an intoxicating force that clouds one’s better judgement.
Surrogate partner therapy focuses on building emotional intimacy, safety, trust, healthy communication, and boundaries. Touch practices center pleasure rather than attraction, and focus on building self-awareness and slowly deepening our connection. The attraction builds from our shared experience of comfort, pleasure, and safety.
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As a surrogate partner, I show up as my real self. I express my genuine personality, my genuine preferences, and my genuine desires. I may disclose things about my life outside of my professional practice, and our work together will require that I share many things about my body, sexuality, and emotional landscape with my clients. I seek to model consent practices by not engaging in touch or intimacy that I don’t feel comfortable with or desire.
IDENTITY
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Yes! I am happy to work with diverse clients, including Black, indigenous, people of color, people of the global majority, Latino/a/e, Asian, multi-racial, and white clients.
I love working with diasporic clients, including refugees, immigrants, and asylees.
I am committed to seeking the relevant education so that I can be a skillful practitioner for someone of your race, culture, ethnicity, or religious background.
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Yes! I am happy to work with a diversity of genders and sexualities, including gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, transgender, trans, intersex, non-binary, 2-spirit, queer, questioning, butch, stud, femme, and/or genderqueer people.
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I have experience working with trans people of various identities, including those who are pre-op, post-op, and non-op. I welcome clients with phalloplasty, metoidioplasty, vaginoplasty, nullification, natal genitals, and other types of gender affirming surgery or body modification.
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Yes! Straight men are warmly welcome in this work.
If you’re a straight woman who is interested in surrogate partner therapy, I recommend reaching out to Andrew Heartman.
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Yes! I am happy to work with large and/or fat clients. I’m happy to accommodate accessibility differences related to size, and have experience navigating the mechanics of physical intimacy with people of different sizes.
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I’m welcoming and affirming of the wide spectrum of human sexuality, including kink, BDSM, and various alternative and expansive access points to the erotic.
As we move deeper into our work together, we may have the opportunity to pursue various kink or kink-adjacent practices, as befits your goals. If I don’t have sufficient training or experience in your particular kink/s, I am open to pursuing that to better support our work together.
Regardless of whether I am able to join you in hands-on exploration of each of your kinks or erotic interests, I am committed to relating to you with acceptance, humility, affirmation, and respect. Negotiating limits, interests, passions, and boundaries is an important part of being in relationship.
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Yes, I am happy to work with disabled clients. For clients with mobility challenges, my office is ADA accessible and equipped with an elevator. I am happy to reserve a parking space for clients for whom street parking would create a barrier to access.
If leaving your home poses a hardship for you, I am happy to consider meeting in your home (in San Francisco) or having a hybrid model where we meet online sometimes and in your home sometimes (details will depend on how far from San Francisco you are located).
My office is equipped with a HEPA filter and I do not use aromatherapy oils, scented candles, or incense in my work. I use natural and unscented cleaning supplies and detergents.
Because human disabilities are so varied, it is not possible for me to address all potential access needs here. I invite you to reach out to me to explore how I can make this work accessible for you.
Surrogate partner therapy is not appropriate for individuals experiencing any type of active crisis.
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Yes! Many of my clients are of this set of experiences. I am happy to work with you. My work with each client is deeply individualized and tailored to the needs of that specific client relationship. We will explore and adapt to your specific needs around learning, touch, sensory experience, memory, and nervous system regulation.
Surrogate partner therapy is not appropriate for individuals experiencing any type of active crisis.
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I am happy to work with clients who are Deaf, deaf, and/or hard of hearing. My ASL skills are rudimentary, so I would suggest we have a frank conversation to explore whether I would be the best practitioner to meet your needs.
I am open to building my ASL skills and learning how to work with adaptive technologies in order to support you. I am also open to having a sex-positive ASL interpreter present during our sessions, either in person or via video. Surrogate partner therapy may include nudity, touch, and sex. If you’re comfortable with a sex-positive ASL interpreter present with us in the room or via video, know that I’m open to this option. I suggest starting with a conversation to explore the possibilities. I’m willing to research options for such an interpreter.
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Many of my clients have mental health challenges/diagnoses. I am happy to work with clients with various mental health challenges/diagnoses, including those who self-identify as mad and/or crazy.
Because surrogate partner therapy takes place within a triadic model, the first step to working together is discussing with your therapist/clinician whether surrogate partner therapy is appropriate for you at this time. Are you in a place in life where building relationship, intimacy, sex, and communication skills is something you’re able to take on? Do you have the stability and support to engage in this work? If so, I’m happy to work with you.
Intimate relationship can be particularly activating for some mental health challenges and that’s something we should take into account when we consider working together. I’m happy to talk with you and your therapist/clinician to explore further.
Surrogate partner therapy is contraindicated for any individual who is unable to experience empathy. If you experience Narcissistic Personality Disorder or sociopathy, I am happy to refer you to clinicians with whom you can work on developing empathy.
I’m an indigenous person from a culture where people who hear voices or interact with subtle realms are valued for their gifts and serve as healers, artists, and ritualists, and are integral and important members of the community. I am open to working with individuals who access other realms, including those who experience psychosis or have received a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Surrogate partner therapy is not appropriate for individuals experiencing any type of active crisis.
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Yes! I am happy to work with clients across the spectrum of asexuality and aromanticism. If I don’t have education and experience working with someone of your specific identity, I will be transparent about that and seek additional education to best support you.
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Yes! I am experienced working with clients who identify with, or are exploring, a wide variety of relationship styles. I commit to being affirming, curious, and non-judgmental in our work together.
For clinicians
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The first step is believing that surrogate partner therapy is appropriate for the needs and therapeutic goals of your client and being willing to collaborate with a surrogate partner.
From there, various resources are available. I recommend the course “Collaborating with Surrogate Partners in the Triadic Model” offered by the Surrogate Partner Collective.
Additional courses may be offered through the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapist and the Modern Sex Therapy Institutes.
Additionally, I’m happy to have a call with you to discuss the surrogate partner therapy process in its various stages and what collaboration might look like. To schedule a call with me, please reach out here.
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If you’re interested in collaborating with me, I invite you to schedule a call so that we can discuss our approaches and orientations with one another. I’m happy to get to know each other professionally before we enter into a collaboration with a shared client.
Surrogate partner therapy begins with a triadic meeting – before I begin working with our shared client, the three of us will meet to discuss goals, challenges, and needs. We may choose to have other triadic meetings during the course of our work together, or that may not be necessary.
After every session with our client, I will share notes with you about how that session went: what we did, challenges that arose, prominent themes, and intentions for future sessions. You are invited to share with me whatever feels relevant and important from your perspective. Occasionally we may choose to have a call to discuss client progress in more detail.
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Finding the right surrogate partner for your client is very important. Each surrogate partner has their own particular training and style, and may gravitate towards serving particular client needs and demographics. I prefer to begin by having a call with you to discuss your client’s needs and challenges. I will be candid about my strengths and weaknesses as a practitioner, and am happy to refer you to colleagues who may be a better fit for your client. Since surrogate partner therapy involves creating an authentic and intimate relationship that is professional and time-bound, I am committed to only taking on clients who are a good fit for my skills and capacity.
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I am a member of the Surrogate Partner Collective.
I subscribe to their code of conduct.
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From the website of the Surrogate Partner Collective:
“Surrogate partner therapy is not, and has never been, illegal. There are no laws that prevent clients from seeking surrogate partners, prevent surrogate partners from practicing, or prevent therapists from collaborating with surrogate partners.
Claims otherwise are rooted more in fear than fact, as the surrogate partner process has not been immune from the deeply-rooted fear, shame, and judgment around sexuality that has thrived in our culture.
No statute prohibits the practice. After extensive research, we have not been able to find evidence of any case in which a surrogate partner or a collaborating therapist has been prosecuted for violating a criminal law or held liable for violating a civil law.”
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No. Our professions, including our training, continuing education, and ethical boundaries, are distinct. We collaborate as peers and colleagues, rather than within a hierarchical supervisory relationship. You are not responsible for my professional conduct.
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Yes! I’d be happy to meet you. I love expanding my network of sex-positive therapists, clinicians, and coaches, and am delighted to meet new people. I’m very open to connecting with holistic or alternative health practitioners of all kinds, and practitioners who work with trauma and somatics. Please message me here.
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